Plain-language explainers for the regulations our buyers operate under

31 U.S.C. § 5311 et seq. The BSA/AML obligations for US financial institutions: CDD, CIP, EDD, SAR/CTR filing, recordkeeping, and the FinCEN expectations.

Customer Due Diligence requirements for covered financial institutions: identification, beneficial-ownership, ongoing monitoring, and the four pillars.

USA PATRIOT Act § 326 CIP rules – the foundation of every U.S. fintech onboarding flow.

Strict-liability sanctions compliance: the SDN List, the 50% Rule, country-based programs, and the program elements that pass an OFAC investigation.

The umbrella enforcement vector under which every CFPB action against a fintech, bank, or sponsor-bank partnership is ultimately argued.

What FCRA requires of users, furnishers, and CRAs – and how AI-driven underwriting fits the framework.

Disclosure rules for consumer credit – APR, finance charges, rescission, the CARD Act overlay, and BNPL after the CFPB's 2024 interpretive rule.

Fair-lending obligations on every credit decision – prohibited bases, the three theories, adverse-action notices, and AI-underwriting expectations.

Consumer rights for electronic fund transfers – disclosure, error resolution, and unauthorized-transfer liability allocation.

Gramm-Leach-Bliley financial privacy rules – initial and annual notices, opt-out mechanics, and the Safeguards Rule overlay.

The 2023 Interagency Guidance that drives sponsor-bank diligence on fintech partners – lifecycle expectations and evidence packs.

ACH compliance – risk management, account validation, return-rate thresholds, and the operational evidence NACHA examiners expect.

The most prescriptive AML program-design standard in the U.S. – transaction monitoring, watchlist filtering, and the annual senior-officer certification.

The benchmark U.S. state cybersecurity regulation – program design, MFA, audit trails, third-party risk, 72-hour notification, and Class A enhancements.

The 50-state patchwork of MTL regimes – scope, NMLS process, surety-bond capital, and the model-law harmonization push.

Canadian AML for MSBs and other reporting entities: registration, program design, LCTR/LVCTR/EFTR/STR cadence, and FINTRAC examination.

The 2023 Canadian counterpart to the OCC TPRM guidance – materiality, lifecycle expectations, and OSFI notification.

Bank of Canada supervision of payment service providers – registration, operational-risk-management framework, and end-user-funds safeguarding.

Quebec privacy reform – Privacy Officer, Privacy Impact Assessments, consent, incident notification, cross-border transfers, and data portability.

Originator and beneficiary information for fund and virtual-currency transmittals – BSA, FATF Rec 16, EU TFR, and the crypto-specific challenges.

Payment Services Directive 2 – open banking, strong customer authentication, and the operational expectations for payment service providers.